1.
To
explain how communication process work
The
communication process refers to the steps through which communication takes
place between the sender and the receiver. This process starts with
conceptualizing an idea or message by the sender and ends with the feedback
from the receiver. In details, communication process consists of the following
eight steps. (Barnlund,2008).
Developing
idea by the sender:
In the first step, the communicator develops or conceptualizes an idea to be
sent. It is also known as the planning stage since in this stage the
communicator plans the subject matter of communication. (Robbins,2011)
Encoding: Encoding means converting or
translation the idea into a perceivable form that can be communicated to
others.(ibid)
Developing
the message:
After encoding the sender gets a message that can be transmitted to the
receiver. The message can be oral, written, symbolic or nonverbal. For example,
when people talk, speech is the message; when people write a letter, the words
and sentences are the message; when people cries, the crying is the message.( Witzany, 2006)
Selecting
the medium: Medium
is the channel or means of transmitting the message to the receiver. Once the
sender has encoded his into a message, the next step is to select a suitable
medium for transmitting it to the receiver. The medium of communication can be
speaking, writing, signaling, gesturing. ( Witzany,
2006)
Transmission
of message: In this
step, the sender actually transmits the message through chosen medium. In the
communication cycle, the tasks of the sender end with the transmission of the
message. (ibid)
Receiving
the message by receiver,
This stage simply involves the reception of sender’s message by the receiver.
The message can be received in the form of hearing, seeing, feeling and so on. (Robbins,2011)
Decoding: Decoding is the receiver’s
interpretation of the sender’s message. Here the receiver converts the message
into thoughts and tries to analyze and understand it. Effective communication
can occur only when both the sender and the receiver assign the same or similar
meanings to the message. (Barnlund, 2008).
Feedback: The final step of communication
process is feedback. Feedback means receiver’s response to sender’s message. It
increases the effectiveness of communication. It ensures that the receiver has
correctly understood the message. Feedback is the essence of two-way
communication. ( Witzany, 2006)
2.
To differentiate between intrapersonal
communication and interpersonal communication.
Intrapersonal communication is the communication that occurs within
an individual. An individual uses this type of communication for various
purposes such as analyzing situations, clarifying concepts, and reflecting upon
phenomena. There are three elements that govern intrapersonal communication,
namely self-concept, perception and expectation. An individual employs certain
methods to communicate within themselves and these are internal discourse where
thinking, concentration and analyzing occur, solo vocal communication which
involves speaking out aloud to oneself, and solo written communication that
encompasses writing not intended for others. (Robbins,
2011)
Interpersonal communication on the other hand is the type of
communication that takes place between people. People communicate with each
other for a number of reasons such as to explain, to teach, to inquire, and to
inform. The channel of interpersonal communication consists of four basic
elements; sender, message, medium and receiver. There are verbal and non-verbal
forms of communication that are used to conduct interpersonal communication and
these include letters, signs, notes, text messages, e-mails, memos as well as
face-to-face conversations. (Barnlund, 2008).
Generally, Once when interpersonal
communication has taken place, it could not be hold back. When it has conveyed
properly and in better way, there is always good impact, and Intrapersonal
communication does not need to wait for secondary feedback and it could take
place whenever he/she wants
REFERENCE
Robbins, S., Judge, T.,
Millett, B. & Boyle, M. (2011). Organizational Behavior. 6th ed.
Pearson, French's Forest, NSW
Barnlund, D. C. (2008).
A transactional model of communication. In. C. D. Mortensen (Eds.),
Communication theory . New Brunswick,
New Jersey:
Witzany, G (ed) (2012).
Biocommunication of Fungi. Springer.
Berlo,
D. K. (1960). The process of communication. New York, New York: Holt,
Rinehart, & Winston.
Randall
J.A. (2014). Vibrational Communication: Spiders to Kangaroo Rats. In: Witzany,
G. (ed).
Biocommunication
of Animals, Springer, Dordrecht
Mehrabian,
A. (1972). Nonverbal communication. Transaction Publishers.
Robbins,
S., Judge, T., Millett, B., & Boyle, M. (2011). Organisational Behaviour.
6th ed. Pearson, French's
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